A 55-year-old man requires cerebral angiography and
possible coiling of a large basilar aneurysm. He is diabetic with impaired renal
function. Which of the following has been shown to reduce most the chances of the patient
developing a contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)?
a) An infusion of isotonic sodium bicarbonate
commenced prior to contrast infusion
b) An N-acetylcysteine infusion commenced prior to
contrast infusion
c) The use of the lowest dose of an iso-osmolar
contrast medium possible
d) Commencement of an aminophylline infusion prior to
contrast infusion
e) An infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride commenced
prior to contrast infusion
