Regarding implantable cardiac defibrillators, which one of the following statements is TRUE?
a) An implantable defibrillator must be turned off
before surgery involving diathermy
b) If the indifferent grounding pad is greater than
15 cm from the defibrillator, the risk from unipolar diathermy electrocautery is eliminated
c) An internal cardioversion shock of two joules
will cause painful skeletal and diaphragmatic contraction in the awake patient
d) External cardiac pacing is contraindicated in the
presence of implantable defibrillator leads
e) In approaching 90% of cases, a functioning
implantable defibrillator will successfully terminate a malignant arrhythmia within
15 seconds
