Listed below are five descriptions of a
cardiotocograph trace. With regards to signs of foetal distress, which one of the following is the
SECOND most concerning trace?
a) Heart rate 90 beats/min, late decelerations,
variability 5 beats/min
b) Heart rate 145 beats/min, early decelerations,
variability 25 beats/min
c) Heart rate 40 beats/min, no decelerations,
variability 2 beats/min
d) Heart rate 160 beats/min, variable decelerations,
variability 30 beats/min
e) Heart rate 100 beats/min, early decelerations,
variability 20 beats/min
