Dystonic Reactions

The following cause dystonic reactions

(a) ondansetron

(b) metoclopramide

(c) cyclizine

(d) prochlorperazine

(e) domperidone

Induction of Anaesthesia

The following speed up the induction of anaesthesia with volatile anaesthetics

(a) use of CO2

(b) increased cardiac output

(c) agents with a high blood/gas solubility coefficient

(d) increased alveolar ventilation

(e) hypotension

Direct Sympathetic Stimulation

The following anaesthetic agents cause direct sympathetic stimulation

(a) enflurane

(b) sevoflurane

(c) desflurane

(d) halothane

(e) isoflurane

Cytochrome P450

The following drugs induce the enzyme cytochrome P450

(a) carbamazepine

(b) nitrazepam

(c) metronidazole

(d) ranitidine

(e) rifampicin

Drug structure alteration

pH alters the structure of the following drugs

(a) diazepam

(b) midazolam

(c) lidocaine

(d) atracurium

(e) suxamethonium

Drug diffusion

The following factors enhance the diffusion of a drug across the blood-brain barrier

(a) high plasma protein binding

(b) high degree of ionisation at physiological pH

(c) high molecular weight

(d) high lipid solubility

(e) high plasma–brain concentration gradient

Drug absorbtion

The following drugs are well absorbed from the stomach

(a) morphine

(b) diamorphine

(c) midazolam

(d) loperamide

(e) propranolol